The Italian Space Agency (ASI) was founded in 1988 under the management of the Italian Ministry of Science and Technology, under the Research Department of the University of Education, and is mainly responsible for the organization of space exploration and development. Headquartered in Rome, it has a relatively small staff of more than 100 people.

The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) is an international scientific organization founded by Pakistani Nobel Laureate in Physics, Abdul Salam, and located in Trieste, Italy. It is located in Trieste, Italy.