Brazil' s national museum) is Brazil's oldest scientific institution and one of the largest museums, mainly in the fields of natural history, folklore and archaeology, the museum is located in the Quinta da Boa Vista Park in Rio de Janeiro, 200 years of history, with a collection of 20 million artifacts.

The National Museum of Brazil is the country's oldest and most important historical and scientific museum. About 200 years ago, Dom Pedro I from Portugal declared the independence of Brazil and brought a large number of Egyptian, Greek and Roman artifacts from Portugal to Brazil. Since then, thousands of artifacts that bear witness to Brazil's indigenous history and that of Latin America have been collected, becoming the most important anthropological and ethnographic data in Brazil. In the field of natural history, the National Museum of Brazil also has a collection of rare dinosaur fossils, meteorites and a 12,000-year-old human skull.

On September 2, 2018, the museum went up in flames with no visitors in or out. The fire burned from about 7:30 p.m. until late at night, and video shows flames lighting up windows on all floors of the museum, smoke rising from the roof, and the building and sky turning orange. As the museum is closed, no news of casualties has been reported so far. But the majority of the collection of about 20 million artifacts is believed to have been destroyed.